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Gland
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Hormone |
Function of Hormone |
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Hypothalamus
“Produces 2 Hormones” |
1. Anti – diuretic hormone (ADH)
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Attaches to active sites on the kidney. Tells kidney to stop making urine (retain water) during times of dehydration. |
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2. Oxytocin |
1. Operates by positive feedback, initiates uterine contractions during pregnancy. 2. Also initiates secretion of milk by the mammary glands. |
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Anterior Pituitary |
1. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) “Tropic” |
Stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones |
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2.Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) “Tropic”
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Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release adrenal cortex hormones |
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3.Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) “Tropic”
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Males = activates testes to produce sperm
Females = initiates development of the ovarian follicle and tells the ovaries to start releasing estrogen |
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4.Lutenizing Hormone (LH) “Tropic”
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Males = activates testes to produce testosterone (2ndary male characteristics)
Females = Causes ovaries to release egg into the fallopian tubes (ovulation) and egg travels to the uterus where it may be fertilized |
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5.Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) “Non-Tropic” |
Stimulates the melanin producing cells of the skin to make melanin (skin pigment) |
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6.Growth Hormone (GH)
“Non-Tropic” |
Almost all cells that mitotically reproduce have active sites for this hormone. Stimulates mitosis (cell reproduction) to have the individual grow. Muscles and bones are big targets of this hormone. |
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7.Prolactin Pro = “For” Lactin = “Milk” “Non-Tropic”
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Hormone that attaches to active sites on mammary glands. Stimulates milk production |
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Posterior Pituitary
“Releases 2 Hormones” |
1.Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
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“See Hypothalamus” |
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2.Oxytocin
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“See Hypothalamus” |
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Pineal
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1.Melatonin |
Hormone needed for the onset of puberty and the menstrual cycle. It is activated by light and is thought to the body’s “internal biological clock” |
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Thyroid |
1. Thyroxine (T4)
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Metabolic hormone that activates the release of energy from food |
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2.Iodothryronine (T3)
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Metabolic hormone that activates the release of energy from food |
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3.Calcitonin
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Released to decrease the amount of calcium in the blood. Activates osteoblasts to absorb calcium from the blood to build up bones. |
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Parathryoids |
1.Parathyroid Hormone
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Released to increase the amount of calcium in the blood. Activates osteoclasts to break down bones and supply the blood with needed calcium |
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Thymus |
1.Thymosin
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Made up mainly of lymphocytes and only active in children; important in the development and functioning of the immune system. |
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Adrenal Cortex |
1.Mineral Corticoids (MC) *Aldosterone is the main one
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· Control amount of salts in blood. · 2) Increases blood sodium and decreases blood potassium levels via the kidneys |
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2.Glucocorticoids (GC) *Cortisone and Hydrocortisone are the main two
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1) Maintain normal blood glucose levels 2) Maintains normal blood pressure. 3) Produce anti-inflammatory effects for injuries. |
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3.Androgens *Testosterone and Estrogen
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Stimulate a “sex drive” to ensure the species is continued |
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Adrenal Medulla |
1.Adrenaline/Epinepherine
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Stress relieving hormone. Fear response. Increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood to muscles, and tells liver to secrete stored glucose for extra energy |
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2.Noradrenaline/Norepinepherine
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Stress relieving hormone. Anger or Fight response. Increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood to muscles, and tells liver to secrete stored glucose for extra energy |
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Pancreas |
1.Insulin (Beta Cells)
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Decreases blood sugar by telling body cells to uptake glucose to make energy |
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2.Glucagon (Alpha cells)
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Increase blood sugar by telling liver to secrete stored sugar/glucose |
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Testes |
1.Testosterone
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Secondary male characteristics: Bigger bones/muscles, body hair, deeper voice, growth of cartilage (Adam’s Apple) |
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Ovaries |
1.Estrogen
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Maintain menstrual cycle by increasing blood absorption by the uterine wall; secondary female characteristics such as breast development, wider hips and softer more flexible skin |
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2.Progesterone
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Maintain menstrual cycle by increasing blood absorption by the uterine wall; secondary female characteristics such as breast development, wider hips and softer more flexible skin |
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Placenta |
1. Chorionic Gonadotropins
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Hormone released by the chorion surrounding developing baby; this is the hormone that is used to determine if a person is pregnant by pregnancy tests |
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2. Extra Estrogen and Progesterone
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Maintains the uterine wall during pregnancy so it will not break down and cause a miscarriage |